Tools like VirtualBox or QEMU allow you to "hand over" the physical iPhone connection directly to the guest Windows OS.
If you are looking for a "ra1n" style jailbreak that natively supports Linux, the spiritual successor is . Unlike Blackra1n, Checkra1n officially supports Linux and provides a high-quality CLI and GUI.
At its peak, Blackra1n was the fastest jailbreak tool available, known for the "make it ra1n" button and the famous image of geohot’s face that appeared on the device during the process. It supported all devices of its era, including the iPhone 2G, 3G, 3GS, and early iPod Touch models.